Vulpia muralis (Kunth) Nees APNI* 
Description: Tufted annual to 0.5 m high.
Culms erect or ascending, smooth, glabrous; nodes 2–3, glabrous. Sheaths smooth, lower sheaths often pubescent with hairs <0.25 mm long, upper sheaths usually glabrous; ligule membranous, to 1 mm long, obtuse; blade 2–10 cm long, margin scabrous, abaxial surface with upper 30% sometimes scabrous, glabrous, adaxial surface pilose with hairs <0.5 mm long.
Inflorescence racemose or paniculate, closed, 1-sided, erect, 2–11 cm long (excluding awns), to 1.3 cm wide (excluding awns), well exserted from uppermost sheath at maturity. Spikelets 7–10 mm long (excluding awns), 2–5 mm wide (excluding awn); florets 6–9, distal 1–2 florets reduced; pedicels 0.5–4 mm long, scabrous, glabrous. Glumes unequal; lower glume triangular, 25–50% length of upper glume, 1–2 mm long, subulate, awnless, smooth, glabrous; upper glume oblong to lanceolate, 4–7 mm long, subulate to acuminate, awnless, smooth, glabrous. Lemmas lanceolate, 3–6 mm long, tapering to an awn, margin often inrolled, glabrous, lowest lemma usually smooth, upper lemmas scabrous; awn straight, 3–12 mm long, scabrous, awn of lowest lemma usually shorter than that of upper lemmas; palea slightly shorter then lemma, 2-keeled, keels scabrous, colliculate, glabrous.
Flowering: spring.
Distribution and occurrence: Grows in disturbed habitats. Native of Eur. & Medit. region.
NSW subdivisions: *CC, *CT, *ST, *NWS, *CWS, *SWS, *NWP, *SWP, *NFWP
Other Australian states: *Qld *Vic. *W.A.
Text by Jacobs, S.W.L., Whalley, R.D.B. & Wheeler, D.J.B.
Taxon concept: Grasses of New South Wales, Fourth Edition (2008).
APNI* Provides a link to the Australian Plant Name Index (hosted by the Australian National Botanic Gardens) for comprehensive bibliographic data
***The AVH map option provides a detailed interactive Australia wide distribution map drawn from collections held by all major Australian herbaria participating in the Australian Virtual Herbarium project.
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