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| Photo Ken Hill
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| The Cycad Pages
| | Encephalartos horridus
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- Encephalartos horridus (Jacq.) Lehm., Pugill. 6: 14 (1834). BAS
Encephalartos horridus var. tridens Miq., Monogr. Cycad.57 (1842).
- TYPE: ?
Encephalartos horridus var. van hallii (deVriese) J. Schust., in Otto & Dietrich., Allg. Gartenz. 326 (1838).
- TYPE: ?
Encephalartos nanus Lehm. in Hoeven & De Vriese, Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol. 4: 421, t. 8c (1837). ?t. 8C
- Encephalartos horridus var. nanus (Lehm.) J. Schust., in Engl., Pflanzenr. 4(1): 117 (1932).
- TYPE: the illustration: t. 8C OR hort Spaarnberg, Lugd-BAt or Rheno-Traj.
Encephalartos vanhallii De Vreise, in Hoeven & De Vriese, Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol. 4: 419, t. 10 (1837-8).
- Encephalartos horridus var. hallianus (deVriese) Miq., in Engl., Pflanzenr. 4(1): 117 (1932).
- TYPE: the illustration: t. 10 OR hort Groningen.
Zamia aurea hort. ex Miq., Tijdschr. Wis-Natuurk. Wetensch. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. 1: 297 (1848).
- TYPE: ?
Zamia horrida Jacq., Fragm. Bot. 1: 27, t. 28 (1801). t. 28
- TYPE: the illustration: t. 28.
Zamia tricuspidata hort. in Verh., Ver. Bef. Gartenb. 5: 186 (1829).
- TYPE: ?
- [Encephalartos aquifolia Lodd. cat. 169 ex J. Schust., Pflanzenr. 4(1): 117 (1932), nom. nud.]
- [Encephalartos brownei hort. ex J. Schust., Pflanzenr. 4(1): 117 (1932), nom. nud.]
- [Encephalartos caffer var. longifolia hort. ex J. Schust., Pflanzenr. 4(1): 112 (1932), nom. nud.]
- [Encephalartos lanuginosus var. katzeri Regel ex J. Schust., Pflanzenr. 4(1): 112 (1932), nom. nud.]
- [Encephalartos lepeschkinei hort. ex J. Schust., Pflanzenr. 4(1): 116 (1932), nom. nud.]
- [Encephalartos macrophyllus hort. ex J. Schust., Pflanzenr. 4(1): 116 (1932), nom. nud.]
- [Zamia gleina hort. quor. ex Miq., Linnaea 17: 729 (1843), nom. nud.]
- [Zamia nana hort. Germ. ex Miq., Linnaea 17: 729 (1843), nom. nud.]
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| Photo Ken Hill
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Etymology:
Latin horridus, horrible, from the very stiff and spiny leaflets.
Literature:
Illustrations:
Vernacular:
Historical notes:
Described as a species of Zamia in 1801 by French botanist
--
Jaquin.
Distinguishing features:
This species is closest to E. trispinosus, from which it is
distinguished by the deeply lobed lower leaflets and the grey-green cones
with brown tomentum and smooth facets. Leaves also tend to be more
intensely blue, although this character is variable within the species and
with leaf age. Leaflets are also twisted out of the plane of the leaf, and
not so in E. trispinosus. The blue-leaved species of the Cape
Province have discolorous leaves with stomata on the undersurfaces only, in
contrast to the blue-leaved species of Transvaal, which all have stomata on
both surfaces of the leaflets.
Distribution and habitat:
Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, arid shublands with succulents on
shallow soils on ridges and slopes.
Conservation:
1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants
category V.
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| Photo Ken Hill
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Description:
Plants arborescent; stem 0.5 m tall, 30 cm diam.
Leaves 100 cm long, blue or silver, dull, flat (not keeled) in
section (opposing leaflets inserted at 180° on rachis); rachis blue,
straight with last third sharply recurved, not spirally twisted; petiole
straight, with no prickles; leaf-base collar prominent; basal leaflets not
reducing to spines.
Leaflets lanceolate, weakly discolorous, not overlapping to
overlapping upwards, with 2-3 lobes on most leaflets, insertion angle horizontal
to obtuse (45-80°); margins flat, or recurved; upper margin entire (no
teeth); lower margin entire (no teeth); median leaflets 10 cm long, 25-40 mm
wide.
Pollen cones 1, ovoid, red to brown, 20-40 cm long, 6-12 cm diam.
Seed cones 1, ovoid, red to brown, 25-40 cm long, 15-20 cm diam.
Seeds oblong, 30-35 mm long, 20-25 mm wide, sarcotesta red.
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| Photo Ken Hill
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