╨╧рб▒с>■  #%■   "                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                ье┴Й@ Ё┐▌ jbjbqФqФ %ЎЎ▌      l╕╕╕╕╕╕╕шшшшш Ї ш[ъ        ,E ejF╕     Fp╕╕   ppp B╕ ╕ p╠┌╕╕╕╕ pиp╕╕ Q{ ╛шшN"[[╧p╧p├хReed S. Beaman and Barry J. Conn Abstract Beaman, Reed S. (Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Research Center, University of Kansas, 1345 Jayhawk Boulevard, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA) and Conn, Barry J. (Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney, NSW 2000 Australia) 2003. Geoparsing and georeferencing of Malesian collection locality data. Telopea 10(1) 43Ц52. Some form of geographic reference is almost always present on specimen labels, an essential source of information for mapping species distributions and performing biogeographic analyses. The prospect of databasing large herbarium collections is now reality, but the task of manually georeferencing each specimen would be enormous. The fields of biological informatics and geomatics (biogeomatics) provide tools that streamline and automate acquisition, sharing, analysis, and visualisation of biogeographic data. Digitisation of specimens, particularly type specimens is now commonplace, but specimen imaging and optical character recognition (OCR) may also facilitate the data entry process. Natural language processing of digital data significantly reduces the time required to database and georeference a specimen. A prototype for a geoparsing and georeferencing web service has been developed that utilises a digital gazetteer of over 330 000 Malesian place names. This service is demonstrated using Urticaceae collections from Malesia and comparisons are made between automated and manual georeferencing methods. *%NOiq~▄ ▌ ¤√∙ї¤ї¤6БmH H*6БmH  !*%▄ ▌ ¤¤¤¤¤!*%▄ ▌ ¤¤¤¤¤#0P░╨/ ░р=!░"░#Ра$Ра%░ i0@ё 0NormalCJOJQJmH P@P Heading 1$1$7$8$@&H$6БCJOJPJQJmH F@F Heading 2$дЁд<@&5Б6БCJOJQJ<A@Є б<Default Paragraph FontJY@ЄJ Document Map-D M╞  А OJPJQJ6B@6 Body Text1$7$8$H$CJ▌       аzЩ▌▌ ▌ ▌  *0lrПЦё√%/4BFNip!.ISЩзЄ√¤ ZgkxЛЧг┬╠╤▀ 19jtЖН─╥▀%hЪ╕▀::   Julia SiderisBGRAPHIC:macdata:Julia's work:Telopea 10:Telopea 10(1):BeamanAb.doc @▌╝┤"Ь▌░ @GРTimes New Roman5РАSymbol3Р Arial3РmstrTimes7РmstrCourierS РMFrutiger-RomanTimes;РmstrHelvetica71РА- 3  ┤0╖0├0п0 pИЁ╨hщjСЖ kСЖ▒Ёе└┤┤А>0▌ГЁ  Reed S Julia Sideris Julia Sideris■  рЕЯЄ∙OhлС+'│┘0dИРам─╨р °  , 8DLT\'Reed SfeedJulia SiderisouliNormaliJulia Sideriso3liMicrosoft Word 10.1@ П@╢]Н∙─@ъ?╛ ∙─■  ╒═╒Ь.УЧ+,∙о0 hpРШаи ░╕└╚ ╨ у'Botanic Gardens Trust  Reed S Title ■    ■   ■    !■   ¤   $■   ■   ■                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Root Entry         └Fm i∙─&А1Table             WordDocument        %SummaryInformation(    DocumentSummaryInformation8            CompObj    XObjectPool            m i∙─m i∙─            ■                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           ■      └FMicrosoft Word Document■   NB6WWord.Document.8