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Family Phrymaceae

Description: Annual or perennial herbs.

Leaves opposite with margins entire or toothed, gland-dotted (punctate) or not.

Flowers in racemes, rarely solitary or in axillary clusters. Calyx tubular, toothed, the tube ribbed or winged below teeth. Corolla zygomorphic; stamens 4 with filaments arising from corolla tube; carpels 2, many ovulate.

Fruit a loculicidal capsule, dehiscent, borne in a persistent calyx. Seeds small, many, surface reticulate and sometimes ribbed or winged, smooth, or tessellate.


Distribution and occurrence: World: 13 genera, 188 species. Native to Australasia. the Americas, Asia, Africa. Australia 6 genera; c. 17 species.

External links:
Angiosperm Phylogeny Website (Family: Phrymaceae, Order: Lamiales)
Wikipedia

Text by Louisa Murray Feb 2017
Taxon concept: Barker, W.R., G.L. Nesom, P.M. Beardsley, and N.S. Fraga. 2012. A taxonomic conspectus of Phrymaceae: A narrowed circumscriptions for Mimulus, new and resurrected genera, and new names and combinations. Phytoneuron 2012-39: 1–60.

 Key to the genera 
1Leaves opposite joined by a ridge at the nodes; calyx prominently 5-angled2
Leaves opposite with no join at the nodes; calyx tubular, mainly smooth or very slightly angled3
2Pedicles shorter than calyxPeplidium
Pedicels longer than calyx
                       Back to 1
Elacholoma
3Calyx with noticeably unequal teeth4
Calyx with equal or almost equal teeth
                       Back to 1
5
4Leaves opposite, sometimes clustered by suppression of the internodes, entireGlossostigma
Leaves opposite, not clustered, toothed
                       Back to 3
Erythranthe
5Leaves lanceolate to linear oblong, entire or sparsely toothed, sessileMimulus
Leaves ovate, entire, shortly petiolate
                       Back to 3
Thyridia

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