Vegetative spread No.
Flowers White or pink, tubular 5--8 mm long, July--December, peak September, continuing until December in Blue Mountains.
Fruit/seed Capsule, 3--5 mm diam., with pale brown seeds less than 1 mm long, September--December, sporadic March--August (Brown & Streiber 1999).
Dispersal, establishment and growth Diaspore: seed, probably wind-dispersed. Dispersed by gravity, water, wind (A. Bofeldt pers. comm.).
Fire response Killed by high intensity fire (at Lane Cove River & Narrabeen Lake 1/1994), seedlings reported after fire (P. Kubiak pers. comm.).
Interaction with other organisms Root association with Ascomycete and Basidiomycete micorrhizas, possibly seasonal (Allen et al. 1989).
Habitat
Habitat Lithophyte on sandstone rock ledges and wet cliff faces. Sometimes on clay banks and rarely on tree fern trunks (A. Bofeldt pers. comm.).
Altitude 0--1100 m
Annual rainfall 900--1600 mm
Typical local abundance Frequent--occasional.
Vegetation With sandstone scrub or other moist site species e.g. Bauera rubioides, Leucopogon lanceolatus, Epacris longiflora, Epacris crassifolia , Tristaniopsis collina, Banksia serrata; warm temperate rainforest on poorer soils, M. Robinson, A. Bofeldt pers. comm.).
Substrate Sandstone rock ledges and wet cliff faces, very low-nutrient sites, moisture supply permanent. On very well-drained rocks or cliffs (A. Bofeldt pers. comm.), also recorded on shale (Brown & Streiber 1999).
Exposure Sheltered rock faces and ledges in gorges and valleys (Brown & Streiber 1999), deep--mid shade.
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