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Genus Eucalyptus

Family Myrtaceae

Description: Trees, mallees or shrubs, often forming an underground lignotuber in many species; bark persistent (`rough barks'), or partly or wholly regularly shedding (`smooth barks').

Leaves dimorphic; juvenile leaves opposite; adult leaves usually disjunct opposite (appearing alternate); similifacial or less commonly dorsiventral, oil glands usually present in leaves.

Inflorescences usually based on condensed dichasia, forming umbellasters, mostly solitary and axillary but sometimes aggregated into compound terminal, pseudo-terminal or axillary structures; individual umbellasters usually 7-flowered, but ranging from 1 to >30 flowers in some species. Calyx and/or corolla fused into a calyptra which persists to anthesis. Stamens numerous, usually in several continuous whorls; anthers versatile or adnate, dehiscing by separate or confluent slits or pores. Ovary half-inferior, 2–7-locular, enclosed by hypanthium except at top; ovules numerous, ovulodes present.

Fruit a capsule, becoming woody in most species.

Photo © ANBG

Distribution and occurrence: World: >800 species, all but 16 spp. endemic to Aust. (10 spp. native, 9 spp. N.G., Indon., Philipp.), all States (c. 240 spp. in N.S.W.). Refs Brooker (2000), Chippendale (1988), Hill (1997a & b, 1999), Hill & Johnson (1991, 1995), Hunter (1998b), Hunter & Bruhl (1999), Johnson & Hill (1990, 1999).

Species of Eucalyptus dominate most plant communities in all but the wettest, coldest and driest parts of the continent.

Many species are economically of great importance within Australia as timber, nectar resources for honey production, and for shelter in agricultural and pastoral regions. Species are extensively planted world-wide for timber, fuel, essential oils and pharmaceuticals. The eucalypts show a wide diversity, yet individual species are frequently finely defined and difficult to differentiate. Active taxonomic and morphological study in the group is proceeding, and many species remain to be defined. Generic and infrageneric relationships and limits are also under review. A summary and bibliography are presented by Chippendale (1988). A recent classification by Brooker (2000), formalises many of the names of Pryor and Johnson (1971) for infrageneric taxa that had not been formally published. However, species in this treatment are arranged in natural groupings in the text, following Pryor and Johnson (1971) and subsequent modifications of that system, not that of Brooker (2000).

Text by K.D. Hill
Taxon concept:

Bud and fruit development in Eucalyptus. A, bud with outer calyptra shed before inner calyptra; B, longitudinal section of bud 'A' after outer calyptra has been shed; C, fruit formed from bud 'B' showing calyptra and staminal ring scars, raised disc and exserted valves; D, longitudinal section of bud with calyptra shed as a single unit; E, fruit formed from bud 'D' showing calyptra and staminal ring scars, depressed disc and enclosed valves.

Taxa not yet included in identification key
Eucalyptus castrensis, Eucalyptus cephalocarpa, Eucalyptus expressa, Eucalyptus forresterae, Eucalyptus scoparia, Eucalyptus sp. Cattai (Gregson s.n., 28 Aug 1954), Eucalyptus sp. Howes Swamp Creek (M. Doherty 26)

	Key to the species
1	Bark rough, persistent over entire trunk	2
	Bark smooth on trunk	170
2	Ironbarks	3
	Bark not ironbark Back to 1	25
3	Stamens with filaments regularly inflexed, anthers cuboid	4
	Stamens with filaments irregularly flexed, anthers globose Back to 2	17
4	Adult leaves strongly discolorous	5
	Adult leaves concolorous or weakly discolorous Back to 3	6
5	Fruit 4-angled	Eucalyptus fergusonii
	Fruit not angled Back to 4	Eucalyptus paniculata
6	Calyptra scar present	7
	No calyptra scar present Back to 4	16
7	Adult leaves glossy	8
	Adult leaves dull Back to 6	9
8	Longest petioles <20 mm long, largest adult leaves <15 cm long	Eucalyptus placita
	Longest petioles >20 mm long, largest adult leaves >15 cm long Back to 7	Eucalyptus ancophila
9	Adult leaves <1.2 cm wide	Eucalyptus beyeriana
	Adult leaves >1.2 cm wide Back to 7	10
10	Adult leaves green or grey-green	11
	Adult leaves glaucous Back to 9	14
11	Fruit 4-angled	Eucalyptus tetrapleura
	Fruit not angled Back to 10	12
12	Juvenile leaves glossy green	Eucalyptus ancophila
	Juvenile leaves dull, grey-green Back to 11	13
13	Juvenile leaves lanceolate, 15–20 cm long	Eucalyptus fusiformis
	Juvenile leaves narrow-elliptic to elliptic, 3.5–9 cm long Back to 12	Eucalyptus scopulorum
14	Fruit longer than broad; adult leaves acute	15
	Fruit shorter than broad; adult leaves rounded Back to 10	Eucalyptus panda
15	Adult leaves broad-lanceolate to ovate	Eucalyptus caleyi
	Adult leaves narrow-lanceolate to lanceolate Back to 14	Eucalyptus fusiformis
16	Inflorescences 3-flowered	Eucalyptus tricarpa
	Inflorescences >3-flowered Back to 6	Eucalyptus sideroxylon
17	Adult leaves opposite, ovate to orbiculate	Eucalyptus melanophloia
	Adult leaves disjunct, broad-lanceolate or narrow-lanceolate Back to 3	18
18	Valves distinctly exserted	19
	Valves not distinctly exserted Back to 17	22
19	Buds not glaucous	20
	Buds glaucous Back to 18	Eucalyptus nubila
20	Calyptra more than twice as long as hypanthium	Eucalyptus fibrosa
	Calyptra less than twice a long as hypanthium Back to 19	21
21	Disc flat	Eucalyptus ophitica
	Disc depressed Back to 20	Eucalyptus siderophloia
22	Calyptra conical, acute; juvenile leaves orbiculate to broad-lanceolate	23
	Calyptra rounded or obtuse; juvenile leaves linear to narrow-lanceolate Back to 18	Eucalyptus crebra
23	Buds glaucous	Eucalyptus nubila
	Buds not glaucous Back to 22	24
24	Juvenile leaves broad-lanceolate to ovate, apex acute or obtuse	Eucalyptus siderophloia
	Juvenile leaves orbiculate, apex rounded Back to 23	Eucalyptus fracta
25	Stringybarks	26
	Not stringybarks Back to 2	70
26	Fruit pyriform to conical, flat-topped; inflorescences aggregated or paired	27
	Fruit not as above; inflorescences usually solitary Back to 25	28
27	Inflorescences axillary, often paired; calyptra scar absent	Eucalyptus fastigata
	Inflorescences aggregated at shoot tips; calyptra scar present Back to 26	Eucalyptus microcorys
28	Fruit ovoid to urceolate and disc strongly depressed	29
	Fruit hemispherical to globose or ovoid; if ovoid then disc not strongly depressed Back to 26	33
29	Fruit smooth	30
	Fruit ribbed Back to 28	Eucalyptus planchoniana
30	Adult leaves concolorous	Eucalyptus obliqua
	Adult leaves strongly discolorous Back to 29	31
31	Fruit 4-lobed at top	Eucalyptus baileyana
	Fruit not 4-lobed at top Back to 30	32
32	Buds and fruit sessile	Eucalyptus botryoides
	Buds and fruit pedicellate Back to 31	Eucalyptus robusta
33	Leaves with lateral veins obtuse, reticulation dense and regular, juvenile leaves glabrous	34
	Leaves with lateral veins acute, reticulation sparse and irregular; juvenile leaves hairy Back to 28	38
34	Adult leaves strongly discolorous	Eucalyptus acmenoides
	Adult leaves not strongly discolorous Back to 33	35
35	Juvenile leaves broad-lanceolate to ovate	36
	Juvenile leaves narrow-lanceolate Back to 34	37
36	Adult leaves green	Eucalyptus umbra
	Adult leaves blue Back to 35	Eucalyptus carnea
37	Fruit 5–6 mm diam.	Eucalyptus apothalassica
	Fruit 6–8 mm diam. Back to 35	Eucalyptus psammitica
38	Buds and fruit distinctly pedicellate, fruit clusters open	39
	Buds and fruit sessile or shortly pedicellate (pedicels obscured if present), fruit clusters crowded Back to 33	48
39	Leaves strongly discolorous	Eucalyptus muelleriana
	Leaves concolorous or weakly discolorous Back to 38	40
40	Disc broad, raised	41
	Disc narrow, not raised Back to 39	46
41	Buds acute or rostrate	42
	Buds rounded Back to 40	45
42	Buds rostrate	43
	Buds acute Back to 41	44
43	Buds angular	Eucalyptus cannonii
	Buds not angular Back to 42	Eucalyptus macrorhyncha
44	Buds angular	Eucalyptus subtilior
	Buds not angular Back to 42	Eucalyptus tindaliae
45	Buds angular	Eucalyptus prominula
	Buds not angular Back to 41	Eucalyptus laevopinea
46	Adult leaves with length:breadth ratio of <3:1	Eucalyptus caliginosa
	Adult leaves with length:breadth ratio of >3:1 Back to 40	47
47	Adult leaves thin, noticeably discolorous	Eucalyptus eugenioides
	Adult leaves not thin, concolorous Back to 46	Eucalyptus conjuncta
48	Adult leaves with length:breadth ratio of >3:1	49
	Adult leaves with length:breadth ratio of <3:1 Back to 38	63
49	Valves small, mostly enclosed	50
	Valves large, prominently exserted Back to 48	60
50	Adult leaves with a bluish sheen	51
	Adult leaves green, without a bluish sheen Back to 49	52
51	Juvenile leaves ovate (length:breadth ratio of 1.5–2:1), petiole >5 mm long	Eucalyptus agglomerata
	Juvenile leaves broad-lanceolate to ovate (length:breadth ratio of 2–2.5:1), petiole <5 mm long Back to 50	Eucalyptus subcaerulea
52	Buds angular	Eucalyptus capitellata
	Buds not angular Back to 50	53
53	Juvenile leaves broad-lanceolate to ovate	54
	Juvenile leaves narrow-lanceolate Back to 52	57
54	Fruit globose to flattened-globose	55
	Fruit hemispherical Back to 53	Eucalyptus cameronii
55	Adult leaves concolorous; south of the Hunter River	56
	Adult leaves slightly discolorous; north from Coffs Harbour Back to 54	Eucalyptus tindaliae
56	Fruit <7 mm diam.	Eucalyptus oblonga
	Fruit >7 mm diam. Back to 55	Eucalyptus imitans
57	Adult leaves mostly <6 cm long	Eucalyptus tenella
	Adult leaves mostly >6 cm long Back to 53	58
58	Fruit hemispherical	Eucalyptus mckieana
	Fruit globose or flattened-globose Back to 57	59
59	Adult leaves lanceolate	Eucalyptus sparsifolia
	Adult leaves linear to narrow-lanceolate Back to 58	Eucalyptus ralla
60	Branchlets glaucous, sharply 4-angled or winged; fruit with a medial ridge; usually mallees	Eucalyptus boliviana
	Branchlets not glaucous, terete or moderately 4-angled; trees Back to 49	61
61	Intermediate leaves orbiculate	Eucalyptus williamsiana
	Intermediate leaves oblong or elliptic Back to 60	62
62	Buds and adult leaves glossy green	Eucalyptus youmanii
	Buds and leaves ± dull, ± bluish Back to 61	Eucalyptus subtilior
63	Disc flat, valves mostly enclosed	64
	Disc raised, valves distinctly exserted Back to 48	69
64	Buds finely warty	Eucalyptus baxteri
	Buds not warty Back to 63	65
65	Buds angular	66
	Buds not angular Back to 64	67
66	Juvenile leaves cordate	Eucalyptus camfieldii
	Juvenile leaves ovate Back to 65	Eucalyptus bensonii
67	Adult leaves similifacial	Eucalyptus ligustrina
	Adult leaves dorsiventral Back to 65	68
68	Disc thick, flat	Eucalyptus globoidea
	Disc thin, slightly depressed Back to 67	Eucalyptus yangoura
69	Shrubs and mallees; branchlets glaucous	Eucalyptus boliviana ms.
	Trees; branchlets not glaucous Back to 63	Eucalyptus blaxlandii
70	Valves of fruit enclosed	71
	Valves of fruit exserted Back to 25	135
71	Adult leaves strongly discolorous	72
	Adult leaves concolorous or weakly discolorous Back to 70	78
72	Adult leaves closely penniveined	73
	Adult leaves not closely penniveined Back to 71	75
73	Buds and fruit sessile	Eucalyptus botryoides
	Buds and fruit pedicellate Back to 72	74
74	Fruit cylindrical to urceoolate, 10–18 mm long, 6–11 mm diam.	Eucalyptus robusta
	Fruit conical to pyriform, 5–9 mm long, 4–6 mm diam. Back to 73	Eucalyptus microcorys
75	Stamens regularly inflexed	76
	Stamens irregularly flexed Back to 72	Eucalyptus rummeryi
76	Adult leaves with some stomates on the upper surface	Eucalyptus rudderi
	Adult leaves with stomates on the lower surface only Back to 75	77
77	Fruit ovoid, 3–5 mm long, 2–4 mm diam.	Eucalyptus hypostomatica
	Fruit conical to pyriform, 5–9 mm long, 4–6 mm diam. Back to 76	Eucalyptus microcorys
78	Juvenile leaves opposite for many pairs	79
	Juvenile leaves opposite for only a few pairs Back to 71	88
79	Branchlets square	80
	Branchlets not square Back to 78	81
80	Buds and fruit glaucous	Eucalyptus pyrocarpa
	Buds and fruit not glaucous Back to 79	Eucalyptus pilularis
81	Adult leaves broad-lanceolate to ovate	82
	Adult leaves mostly lanceolate or narrower Back to 79	84
82	Adult leaves with 3 longitudinal veins (3-veined)	83
	Adult leaves with only 1 longitudinal vein (midvein) Back to 81	Eucalyptus dives
83	Juvenile leaves elliptic or orbiculate	Eucalyptus stellulata
	Juvenile leaves narrow-elliptic Back to 82	Eucalyptus copulans
84	Adult leaves green	85
	Adult leaves blue Back to 81	87
85	Bark rough on branches; disc flat	86
	Branches wholly smooth; disc depressed Back to 84	Eucalyptus elata
86	Calyptra scar absent	Eucalyptus radiata
	Calyptra scar present Back to 85	Eucalyptus aggregata
87	Adult leaves often >1.5 cm wide	Eucalyptus croajingolensis
	Adult leaves <1.5 cm wide Back to 84	Eucalyptus robertsonii
88	Calyptra scar absent	89
	Calyptra scar present Back to 78	114
89	Stamens regularly inflexed	90
	Stamens irregularly flexed in bud Back to 88	97
90	Anthers adnate, dehiscing through separate slits	91
	Anthers versatile, reniform, dehiscing through confluent slits Back to 89	92
91	Fruit much longer than broad	Eucalyptus ochrophloia
	Fruit about as long as broad Back to 90	Eucalyptus melliodora
92	Fine peppermint bark	93
	Coarse thick fissured or fibrous bark Back to 90	95
93	Fruit hemispherical	Eucalyptus andrewsii
	Fruit not hemispherical Back to 92	94
94	Northern Tablelands species	Eucalyptus campanulata
	South Coast and Southern Tablelands species Back to 93	Eucalyptus consideniana
95	Disc depressed	Eucalyptus stenostoma
	Disc flat Back to 92	96
96	Twigs glaucous, with a peppermint smell	Eucalyptus sieberi
	Twigs not glaucous, with an unpleasant smell Back to 95	Eucalyptus olida
97	Juvenile leaves green	98
	Juvenile leaves blue Back to 89	110
98	Juvenile leaves hairy; fruit 13–18 mm diam.	Eucalyptus olsenii
	Juvenile leaves not hairy; fruit 2–10 mm diam. Back to 97	99
99	Fruit with 5 or 6 valves	Eucalyptus bosistoana
	Fruit with 3 or 4 valves Back to 98	100
100	Adult leaves >1.5 cm wide	101
	Adult leaves <1.5 cm wide Back to 99	104
101	Disc depressed	102
	Disc flat Back to 100	Eucalyptus fastigata
102	Anthers versatile, reniform, dehiscing through confluent slits	Eucalyptus obliqua
	Anthers adnate, dehiscing through separate slits Back to 101	103
103	Adult leaves >2 cm wide; buds 5–9 mm long	Eucalyptus moluccana
	Adult leaves <2 cm wide; buds 4–7 mm long Back to 102	Eucalyptus microcarpa
104	Fruit <7 m diam.	105
	Fruit >7 mm diam. Back to 100	108
105	Trees	106
	Mallees Back to 104	107
106	Anthers versatile, reniform, dehiscing through confluent slits	Eucalyptus paliformis
	Anthers adnate, dehiscing through separate slits Back to 105	Eucalyptus pilligaensis
107	Adult leaves <1.0 cm wide	Eucalyptus viridis
	Adult leaves >1.0 cm wide Back to 105	Eucalyptus porosa
108	Inflorescences 3-flowered	Eucalyptus triflora
	Inflorescences 7-flowered Back to 104	109
109	Fruit urceolate	Eucalyptus fraxinoides
109	Fruit globose	Eucalyptus dendromorpha
110	Disc flat	Eucalyptus oreades
	Disc depressed Back to 97	111
111	Buds rounded; fruit >8 mm diam.	112
	Buds acute; fruit <8 mm diam. Back to 110	113
112	Anthers versatile, reniform, dehiscing through confluent slits	Eucalyptus delegatensis
	Anthers adnate, dehiscing through separate slits Back to 111	Eucalyptus albens
113	Anthers versatile, reniform, dehiscing through confluent slits	Eucalyptus piperita
	Anthers adnate, dehiscing through separate slits Back to 111	Eucalyptus polybractea
114	Stamens regularly inflexed	115
	Stamens irregularly flexed Back to 88	125
115	Adult leaves broad-lanceolate to ovate or elliptic	116
	Adult leaves linear to lanceolate, occasionally broad-lanceolate Back to 114	118
116	Fruit at least 6 mm long and 6 mm diam.	Eucalyptus magnificata
	Fruit usually <6 mm long and 6 mm diam. Back to 115	117
117	Adult leaves without loose white surface wax; coastal species	Eucalyptus baueriana
	Adult leaves glaucous with loose white surface wax; tablelands and Western Slopes species Back to 116	Eucalyptus polyanthemos
118	Inflorescences 3-flowered	Eucalyptus longifolia
	Inflorescences >3-flowered Back to 115	119
119	Trees	120
	Mallees Back to 118	122
120	Fruit hemispherical to ovoid	121
	Fruit conical Back to 119	Eucalyptus conica
121	Outer stamens infertile	Eucalyptus rudderi
	All stamens fertile Back to 120	Eucalyptus intertexta
122	Pith glands present	Eucalyptus costata
	Pith glands absent Back to 119	123
123	Disc broad, slightly depressed	Eucalyptus leptophylla
	Disc narrow, steeply depressed Back to 122	124
124	Fruit 4-angled	Eucalyptus calycogona
	Fruit smooth Back to 123	Eucalyptus gracilis
125	Buds and twigs glaucous	Eucalyptus nortonii
	Buds and twigs non-glaucous Back to 114	126
126	Adult leaves narrow-lanceolate to lanceolate	127
	Adult leaves broad-lanceolate to ovate or ± elliptic, rarely lanceolate Back to 125	133
127	Fruit <5 mm diam.	128
	Fruit >5 mm diam. Back to 126	131
128	Anthers adnate	129
	Anthers versatile Back to 127	130
129	Juvenile leaves broad-lanceolate (coastal forest tree)	Eucalyptus largeana
	Juvenile leaves linear (far inland woodland tree) Back to 128	Eucalyptus largiflorens
130	Fruit hemispherical; adult leaves dull	Eucalyptus acaciiformis
	Fruit conical; adult leaves glossy Back to 128	Eucalyptus aggregata
131	Fruit sessile	Eucalyptus goniocalyx
	Fruit pedicellate Back to 127	132
132	Juvenile leaves green	Eucalyptus retinens
	Juvenile leaves glaucous Back to 131	Eucalyptus volcanica
133	Trees	134
	Mallees Back to 126	Eucalyptus behriana
134	Anthers adnate	Eucalyptus populnea
	Anthers versatile Back to 133	Eucalyptus ovata
135	Adult leaves strongly discolorous	136
	Adult leaves concolorous Back to 70	138
136	Fruit >10 mm diam.	Eucalyptus scias
	Fruit <10 mm diam. Back to 135	137
137	Calyptra about as long as hypanthium	Eucalyptus notabilis
	Calyptra much longer than hypanthium Back to 136	Eucalyptus resinifera
138	Fruit sessile	139
	Fruit pedicellate Back to 135	150
139	Inflorescences 3-flowered	140
	Inflorescences 7- or more-flowered Back to 138	145
140	Adult leaves opposite	141
	Adult leaves disjunct Back to 139	142
141	Fruit conical	Eucalyptus cinerea
	Fruit campanulate Back to 140	Eucalyptus triplex
142	Juvenile leaves green	Eucalyptus badjensis
	Juvenile leaves grey or blue Back to 140	143
143	Fruit ovoid	Eucalyptus chapmaniana
	Fruit campanulate Back to 142	144
144	Branches smooth	Eucalyptus kartzoffiana
	Branches with persistent fibrous bark Back to 143	Eucalyptus alligatrix
145	Peduncle <3 mm long	Eucalyptus banksii
	Peduncle >3 mm long Back to 139	146
146	Fruit >6 mm diam.	147
	Fruit <6 mm diam. Back to 145	149
147	Adult leaves blue	148
	Adult leaves green Back to 146	Eucalyptus goniocalyx
148	Many adult leaves opposite	Eucalyptus conspicua
	Adult leaves disjunct Back to 147	Eucalyptus nortonii
149	Valves acute	Eucalyptus quadrangulata
	Valves obtuse Back to 146	Eucalyptus macarthurii
150	Calyptra >1.5 times as long as hypanthium	151
	Calyptra equal in length to hypanthium Back to 138	156
151	Disc raised	152
	Disc not raised Back to 150	153
152	Inflorescences 3-flowered	Eucalyptus morrisii
	Inflorescences 7-flowered Back to 151	Eucalyptus exserta
153	Disc flat	Eucalyptus bakeri
	Disc sharply depressed Back to 151	154
154	Mallees; inflorescences solitary	155
	Trees; inflorescences often paired Back to 153	Eucalyptus squamosa
155	Adult leaves opposite, ovate to broad-lanceolate or elliptic	Eucalyptus gillii
	Adult leaves disjunct, lanceolate to broad-lanceolate Back to 154	Eucalyptus socialis
156	Inflorescences compound	Eucalyptus coolabah
	Inflorescences simple Back to 150	157
157	Inflorescences often paired	158
	Inflorescences solitary Back to 156	159
158	Calyptra scar present	Eucalyptus squamosa
	Calyptra scar absent Back to 157	Eucalyptus fastigata
159	Juvenile leaves linear	160
	Juvenile leaves broad-lanceolate or broader Back to 157	163
160	Disc level or raised	161
	Disc steeply depressed Back to 159	Eucalyptus oleosa
161	Bark shedding from bases of larger branches	Eucalyptus smithii
	Bark persisting to smaller branches Back to 160	162
162	Adult leaves mostly >1 cm wide	Eucalyptus corticosa
	Adult leaves mostly <1 cm wide Back to 161	Eucalyptus nicholii
163	Buds glaucous	164
	Buds not glaucous Back to 159	165
164	Fruit 6–8 mm diam.	Eucalyptus malacoxylon
	Fruit 4–5 mm diam. Back to 163	Eucalyptus nova-anglica
165	Juvenile leaves green	166
	Juvenile leaves blue Back to 163	168
166	Fruit >5 mm diam.	Eucalyptus angophoroides
	Fruit <5 mm diam. Back to 165	167
167	Fruit conical	Eucalyptus aggregata
	Fruit hemispherical or rounded Back to 166	Eucalyptus acaciiformis
168	Juvenile leaves orbiculate	169
	Juvenile leaves narrow-elliptic Back to 165	Eucalyptus ignorabilis
169	Fruit >5 mm long	Eucalyptus bridgesiana
	Fruit <5 mm long Back to 168	Eucalyptus nova-anglica
170	Valves of fruit enclosed	171
	Valves of fruit exserted Back to 1	228
171	Inflorescences compound	172
	Inflorescences simple Back to 170	174
172	Fruit conical or ovoid	173
	Fruit hemispherical Back to 171	Eucalyptus michaeliana
173	Stamens regularly inflexed, outer whorls infertile	Eucalyptus polyanthemos
	Stamens irregularly flexed, all fertile Back to 172	Eucalyptus dawsonii
174	Fruit sessile	175
	Fruit pedicellate Back to 171	193
175	Inflorescences 3-flowered	176
	Inflorescences 7-flowered or more Back to 174	180
176	Adult leaves often opposite	177
	Adult leaves disjunct Back to 175	179
177	Opposite pairs of juvenile leaves fused at base	Eucalyptus perriniana
	Juvenile leaves free Back to 176	178
178	Adult leaves <10 mm wide	Eucalyptus recurva
	Adult leaves >10 mm wide Back to 177	Eucalyptus pulverulenta
179	Fruit cylindrical or ovoid, disc flat or depressed; juvenile leaves	Eucalyptus glaucescens
	Fruit campanulate, disc slightly raised; juvenile leaves <4 cm long and wide Back to 176	Eucalyptus saxatilis
180	Trees	181
	Mallee Back to 175	187
181	Calyptra scar present	Eucalyptus nitens
	Calyptra scar absent Back to 180	182
182	Buds in stellate clusters	183
	Buds not in stellate clusters Back to 181	184
183	Juvenile leaves elliptic or orbiculate	Eucalyptus stellulata
	Juvenile leaves narrow-elliptic Back to 182	Eucalyptus copulans
184	Adult leaf venation subparallel	185
	Adult leaves with a distinct midrib Back to 182	186
185	Fruit angular	Eucalyptus debeuzevillei
	Fruit not angular Back to 184	Eucalyptus niphophila
186	Fruit broader than long; juvenile leaves green	Eucalyptus kybeanensis
	Fruit longer than broad; juvenile leaves blue Back to 184	Eucalyptus oreades
187	Adult leaves often opposite	Eucalyptus sturgissiana
	Adult leaves disjunct Back to 180	188
188	Buds in stellate clusters	189
	Buds not in stellate clusters Back to 187	192
189	Juvenile leaves ovate to elliptic	Eucalyptus latiuscula
	Juvenile leaves linear to lanceolate Back to	190
190	Juvenile leaves lanceolate, adult leaves often >1 cm wide	Eucalyptus dissita
	Juvenile leaves linear to narrow-lanceolate, adult leaves <1 cm wide Back to 189*	191
191	Adult leaves <6 cm long	Eucalyptus moorei
	Adult leaves often >6 cm long Back to 190	Eucalyptus serpentinicola
192	Calyptra scar absent	Eucalyptus kybeanensis
	Calyptra scar present Back to 188	Eucalyptus dumosa
193	Venation in adult leaves subparallel	194
	Venation in adult leaves not subparallel Back to 174	197
194	Mallees; leaves lanceolate or narrower	Eucalyptus gregsoniana
	Trees; leaves lanceolate to ovate Back to 193	195
195	Internodes often >3 cm long	Eucalyptus lacrimans
	Internodes <3 cm long Back to 194	196
196	Buds strongly glaucous	Eucalyptus niphophila
	Buds not strongly glaucous Back to 195	Eucalyptus pauciflora
197	Mallees	198
	Trees Back to 193	213
198	Adult leaves >1.5 cm wide	199
	Adult leaves <1.5 cm wide Back to 197	205
199	Adult leaves with lateral veins strongly acute (<30° to midrib)	Eucalyptus multicaulis
	Adult leaves with lateral veins 30–50° to midrib Back to 198	200
200	Disc flat	Eucalyptus luehmanniana
	Disc depressed Back to 199	201
201	Buds glaucous	Eucalyptus stenostoma
	Buds not glaucous Back to 200	202
202	Twigs winged	Eucalyptus langleyi
	Twigs not winged Back to 201	203
203	Juvenile leaves dull, subglaucous; adult leaves to 3.5 cm wide	Eucalyptus burgessiana
	Juvenile leaves glossy green; adult leaves to 2.5 cm wide Back to 202	204
204	Fruit 8–11 mm diam.	Eucalyptus obstans
	Fruit 3–5 mm diam. Back to 203	Eucalyptus aenea
205	Disc flat	206
	Disc depressed Back to 198	208
206	Disc broad	Eucalyptus codonocarpa
	Disc narrow Back to 205	207
207	Leaves thick	Eucalyptus approximans
	Leaves thin Back to 206	Eucalyptus microcodon
208	Adult leaves <8 mm wide	209
	Adult leaves often >8 mm wide Back to 205	211
209	Immature adult leaves pinkish grey; longest peduncles <8 mm long	Eucalyptus cunninghamii
	Immature adult leaves green; longest peduncles >8 mm long Back to 208	210
210	Largest fruit >8 mm diam.; leaves usually <9 cm long, if longer then >7 mm wide	Eucalyptus laophila
	Largest fruit <8 mm diam.; longest leaves >9 cm long and <7 mm wide Back to 209	Eucalyptus apiculata
211	Fruit 3–5 mm diam.	Eucalyptus aenea
	Fruit 6–11 mm diam. Back to 208	212
212	Adult leaves <10 mm wide	Eucalyptus stricta
	Adult leaves >10 mm wide Back to 211	Eucalyptus spectatrix
213	Calyptra scar absent	214
	Calyptra scar present Back to 197	223
214	Disc flat	215
	Disc not flat Back to 213	220
215	Adult leaves dull	216
	Adult leaves glossy Back to 214	218
216	Tablelands and Western Slopes species	Eucalyptus rossii
	Coastal species Back to 215	217
217	Adult leaves <1.8 cm wide	Eucalyptus racemosa
	Adult leaves >1.9 cm wide Back to 216	Eucalyptus signata
218	Fruit >7 mm diam.	Eucalyptus haemastoma
	Fruit <7 mm diam. Back to 215	219
219	Coastal species north from Morisset	Eucalyptus signata
	Sydney region, Blue Mtns and south Back to 218	Eucalyptus sclerophylla
220	Fruit large (13–18 mm diam.), ribbed	Eucalyptus olsenii
	Fruit small (4–10 mm diam.), not ribbed Back to 214	221
221	Anthers versatile, reniform, dehiscing through confluent slits	Eucalyptus paliformis
	Anthers adnate, dehiscing through separate slits Back to 220	222
222	Inflorescences 3-flowered	Eucalyptus leucoxylon
	Inflorescences 7-flowered Back to 221	Eucalyptus melliodora
223	Juvenile leaves opposite for few pairs	Eucalyptus ovata
	Juvenile leaves opposite for many pairs Back to 213	224
224	Buds rounded, outer calyptra not shedding cleanly	Eucalyptus benthamii
	Buds pointed, outer calyptra shedding cleanly Back to 223	225
225	Inflorescences 3-flowered	Eucalyptus wilcoxii
	Inflorescences 7-flowered Back to 224	226
226	Fruit >5 mm diam.	227
	Fruit <5 mm diam. Back to 225	Eucalyptus dorrigoensis
227	Buds 4–5 mm diam.	Eucalyptus cypellocarpa
	Buds 2.5–3.5 mm diam. Back to 226	Eucalyptus oresbia
228	Calyptra >1.5 times as long as hypanthium	229
	Calyptra <1.5 times as long as hypanthium Back to 170	244
229	Buds glaucous	230
	Buds not glaucous Back to 228	232
230	Disc domed, >1.5 mm wide	Eucalyptus glaucina
	Disc ± flat, <1.5 mm wide Back to 229	231
231	Calyptra cylindrical	Eucalyptus prava
	Calyptra conical Back to 230	Eucalyptus dealbata
232	Calyptra cylindrical	Eucalyptus bancroftii
	Calyptra conical or rostrate Back to 229	233
233	Calyptra rostrate	Eucalyptus camaldulensis
	Calyptra conical Back to 232	234
234	Calyptra >2.5 times as long as hypanthium	235
	Calyptra 1.5–2 times as long as hypanthium Back to 233	239
235	Inflorescences >7-flowered	Eucalyptus amplifolia
	Inflorescences 7-flowered Back to 234	236
236	Seeds black	237
236	Seeds red	238
237	Fruit >6 mm in diam.	Eucalyptus tereticornis
	Fruit <6 mm in diam. Back to 236	Eucalyptus blakelyi
238	Fruit >5 mm long, adult leaves lanceolate	Eucalyptus interstans
	Fruit <5 mm long, adult leaves narrow-lanceolate Back to 236	Eucalyptus seeana
239	Juvenile leaves ovate to orbiculate	240
	Juvenile leaves narrow-lanceolate to lanceolate Back to 234	242
240	Mallees	241
	Trees Back to 239	Eucalyptus chloroclada
241	Adult leaves penniveined, glossy; coastal species	Eucalyptus pumila
	Adult leaves with open venation, dull; inland plains species Back to 240	Eucalyptus vicina
242	Trees; seeds red	Eucalyptus parramattensis
	Mallees; seeds black Back to 239	243
243	Fruit >5 mm diam.	Eucalyptus dwyeri
	Fruit <5 mm diam. Back to 242	Eucalyptus nandewarica
244	Inflorescences 3-flowered	245
	Inflorescences 7- or more-flowered Back to 228	253
245	Fruit >10 mm diam.	246
	Fruit <10 mm diam. Back to 244	247
246	Peduncles >3 mm long	Eucalyptus pseudoglobulus
	Peduncles <3 mm long Back to 245	Eucalyptus bicostata
247	Juvenile leaves broad lanceolate to ovate, to orbiculate or elliptic	248
	Juvenile leaves lanceolate Back to 245	252
248	Buds glaucous	249
	Buds not glaucous Back to 247	250
249	Juvenile stems rounded	Eucalyptus rubida
	Juvenile stems markedly quadrangular Back to 248	Eucalyptus canobolensis
250	Juvenile leaves grey	Eucalyptus dalrympleana
	Juvenile leaves green Back to 248	251
251	Calyptra as wide as hypanthium	Eucalyptus imlayensis
	Calyptra narrower than hypanthium Back to 250	Eucalyptus baeuerlenii
252	Calyptra narrower than hypanthium	Eucalyptus wilcoxii
	Calyptra as wide as hypanthium Back to 247	Eucalyptus viminalis
253	Adult leaves discolorous	254
	Adult leaves concolorous Back to 244	262
254	Disc raised or ± level	255
	Disc depressed Back to 253	259
255	Fruit >10 mm diam.	Eucalyptus canaliculata
	Fruit <10 mm diam. Back to 254	256
256	Valves apiculate, vertically raised	Eucalyptus major
	Valves obtuse, incurved Back to 255	257
257	Fruit <6 mm diam.	Eucalyptus propinqua
	Fruit 6–10 mm diam. Back to 256	258
258	Calyptra narrower than hypanthium	Eucalyptus biturbinata
	Calyptra as wide as hypanthium Back to 257	Eucalyptus punctata
259	Buds glaucous, valves broad-triangular, incurved	Eucalyptus grandis
	Buds not glaucous Back to 254	260
260	Adult leaves lanceolate; valves narrow-acuminate	Eucalyptus saligna
	Adult leaves broad-lanceolate or broader; valves triangular, acute Back to 259	261
261	Calyptra rounded, pedicels <4 mm long	Eucalyptus brunnea
	Calyptra pointed, pedicels >4 mm long Back to 260	Eucalyptus deanei
262	Adult leaves often opposite, <3 cm long	Eucalyptus parvula
	Adult leaves disjunct, >3 cm long Back to 253	263
263	Inflorescences usually paired in leaf axils	Eucalyptus pachycalyx
	Inflorescences solitary in leaf axils Back to 262	264
264	Adult leaves broad-lanceolate or broader	265
	Adult leaves lanceolate or narrower Back to 263	267
265	Adult leaves rounded or mucronate	266
	Adult leaves acute Back to 264	Eucalyptus ovata
266	Petioles 6–11 mm long; adult leaves 1.2–3.5 cm wide; peduncles 3–9 mm long	Eucalyptus aquatica
	Petioles 10–20 mm long; adult leaves 3.0–5.0 mm wide; peduncles 10–18 mm long Back to 265	Eucalyptus camphora
267	Bark shed in long ribbons	268
	Bark shed in scales Back to 264	275
268	Juvenile leaves ovate or broader	269
	Juvenile leaves lanceolate Back to 267	272
269	Buds glaucous	270
	Buds not glaucous Back to 268	271
270	Calyptra finely warty, apiculate	Eucalyptus maidenii
	Calyptra smooth, not apiculate Back to 269	Eucalyptus rubida
271	Adult leaves apparently finely toothed; outer calyptra not shedding cleanly	Eucalyptus denticulata
	Adult leaves entire; outer calyptra shedding cleanly Back to 269	Eucalyptus dalrympleana
272	Calyptra scar present	273
	Calyptra scar absent Back to 268	274
273	Buds 4–7 mm long; pedicels 1–4 mm long	Eucalyptus nobilis
	Buds 9–13 mm long; pedicels <2 mm long Back to 272	Eucalyptus quinniorum
274	Calyptra hemispherical	Eucalyptus kybeanensis
	Calyptra conical, acute Back to 272	Eucalyptus deuaensis
275	Juvenile leaves linear or lanceolate	276
	Juvenile leaves broad lanceolate to ovate, elliptic or orbiculate Back to 267	279
276	Trees	277
	Mallees Back to 275	278
277	Bark irregularly shedding, patchy, not powdery	Eucalyptus parramattensis
	Bark clean or lightly mottled, powdery Back to 276	Eucalyptus mannifera
278	Fruit >5 mm diam.	Eucalyptus dwyeri
	Fruit <5 mm diam. Back to 276	Eucalyptus nandewarica
279	Mallees	280
	Trees Back to 275	281
280	Adult leaves penniveined, glossy; coastal species	Eucalyptus pumila
	Adult leaves with open venation, dull; inland plains species Back to 279	Eucalyptus vicina
281	Juvenile leaves disjunct	Eucalyptus chloroclada
	Juvenile leaves opposite for >10 nodes Back to 279	282
282	Juvenile leaves not crenate	283
	Juvenile leaves crenate, remaining opposite for several years Back to 281	Eucalyptus dunnii
283	Fruit <5 mm long and <5 mm in diam.	284
	Fruit 5 mm long and 5 mm in diam. or more Back to 282	285
284	Buds acute; outer calyptra shedding cleanly	Eucalyptus dorrigoensis
	Buds rounded; outer calyptra not shedding cleanly Back to 283	Eucalyptus benthamii
285	Fruit 5–6 mm long	Eucalyptus praecox
	Fruit 6–8 mm long Back to 283	Eucalyptus elliptica

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